Endnotes
1. Meyer Reinhold, Classica Americana: The Greek and Roman Heritage in the United States (Wayne State University Press, 1984), 23, 194; Caroline Winterer, The Culture of Classicism: Ancient Greece and Rome in American Intellectual Life 1780-1910 (The John Hopkins University Press, 2002), 16; Carl J. Richard, The Golden Age of the Classics in America: Greece, Rome, and the Antebellum United States (Harvard University Press, 2009), 1, 5.
2. Reinhold, Classica Americana, 32, 95; Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, 10–11; Melvin I. Urofsky, “Reform and Response: The Yale Report of 1828,” History of Education Quarterly 5, no. 1 (1965): 53–54.
3. Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, 12–14; Reinhold, Classica Americana, 193–94; Richard, Golden Age of the Classics in America, 1; Urofsky, “Reform and Response,” 53–54.
4. Hennig Cohen, “Slave Names in Colonial South Carolina,” American Speech 27, no. 2 (1952): 106–7; Susan Wegner, “Classical Names and Concepts Used in the Service of Slavery,” BMCA - Antiquity & America, accessed November 23, 2025, https://bcma.bowdoin.edu/antiquity/classical-names-and-concepts-used-in-the-service-of-slavery/; John C. Inscoe, “Carolina Slave Names: An Index to Acculturation,” The Journal of Southern History 49, no. 4 (1983): 541; Margaret A. Brucia, “The African-American Poet, Jupiter Hammon: A Home-Born Slave and His Classical Name,” International Journal of the Classical Tradition 7, no. 4 (2001): 515.
5. Reinhold, Classica Americana, 40, 50–51; Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, 47.
6. Reinhold, Classica Americana, 97–100, 146–47.
7. Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, 19–20.
8. Reinhold, Classica Americana, 32, 40, 95, 148–50; Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, 10–11.
9. Reinhold, Classica Americana, 157–58.
10. Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, 41–42, 47–48; Reinhold, Classica Americana, 175–77; Urofsky, “Reform and Response,” 53.
11. Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, 43.
12. Henry St. John, Letters on the Study and Use of History: By the Late Right Honourable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke: A New Edition, Corrected. (The Strand, 1779); Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, 18; Reinhold, Classica Americana, 155.
13. Urofsky, “Reform and Response,” 58–61; Reinhold, Classica Americana, 193–94.
14. Reinhold, Classica Americana, 179.
15. Reinhold, Classica Americana, 185–86; Richard, Golden Age of the Classics in America, 10.
16. Richard, Golden Age of the Classics in America, 10; Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, 32–34.
17. Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, 51.
18. Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, 57.
19. Winterer, The Culture of Classicism, 61–62.
20. William Gardner Hale, The Art of Reading Latin: How to Teach It. (Ginn & Co., 1887), 6; Sarah L. Hyde, Schooling in The Antebellum South: The Rise of Public and Private Education in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama (Louisiana State University Press, 2016), 2–3, 25–26.
21. Chas. S. Fontaine and Ma. A. Fontaine, “Letters to Henrietta Fontaine From Her Brother Charles and Mother 1843,” personal communication, 1843.
22. E. Shorter, “E Shorter to Thee Fontaine,” personal communication, 1857.
23. Chas. S. Fontaine, “Chas Fontaine to John Fontaine from Prep School 1843,” personal communication, 1843.
24. Charles Anthon, First Latin Lessons, Containing the Most Important Parts of the Grammar of the Latin Language Together with Apropriate Excercises in the Translating and Writing of Latin, for the Use of Beginners (Harper & Brothers, 82 Cliffstreet, 1839).
25. Elaine Treharne and Claude Willan, Text Technologies: A History (Stanford University Press, 2020), 4–15.
26. Anthon, First Latin Lessons, 1.
27. Anthon, First Latin Lessons, 253–56.
28. Anthon, First Latin Lessons, 101–2.
29. Anthon, First Latin Lessons, 109.
30. Anthon, First Latin Lessons, 229–353.
Special thanks to the Columbus State University's Archives and Special Collections for making such an exhibition possible. Without the guidance of Adam Doskey, Alison Cook, and Bryan Banks such a monumental task would not have been feasible. I wish to give further thanks to Jack Schley for his contributions to the Fontaine family legacy and his aid in helping me understand the role Latin played in the Fontaine family, and for providing me digital copies of the three letters included in this exhibition.