3 20 3886 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/660f0c95bc12e12dec205b8988967af6.pdf 909be8abac46b552b5321f5bf3b168da Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Liberty Prepares for Grand Return" Description An account of the resource Scan of Atlanta Journal-Constitution article highlighting The Owlettes' Liberty Theater restoration project, spearheaded by Charlotte Frazier, which eventually led to the Liberty's 1997 reopening. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 10, 1982 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/3cbe378d124c293f15381f0488dbaf9a.pdf 56054c3a70de44e559f233c4cf64bc4e https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/8bbc20c7079e27cb1149208356bf0693.pdf 55eed75b78922c6afb51c80bf888eb06 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/a6a85c6489d2ca9967f055fc095c4d03.pdf 0abd3500722618038fe0c94066d24fdf https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/6f5ac835f80c69abaf9af68f35ea1bbf.pdf 72539ad15a6e03f429f1708ddf0e3883 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/dec4a51f59664910f0d5ca7c18fbda92.pdf 50cb3c8eacfc4ec59c4072bd1dce0810 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/af81e4c803c6f4bc34d7578624f1c55c.pdf d893df248d254f913ad1ef6f269cb342 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/8d1457eade474d90a9d14cffdbfc99fa.pdf 10424df420f6bc18cd838441377f849e https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/372cee82e467f06a98e2e8fe75998b8a.pdf 3a3c37fe3bee1290a680bfd6a27033ce https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/fb0f18048613573ae2149e41864bf7a6.pdf 492093a9ad8e0764248f458d947e172f https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/ad6510b4a2ad39b96d6012d365968498.pdf 165629ab499f853edd9fb99f27b64f8e https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/e8da220e3ec7c44199046162a30ee17f.pdf d302525ccd31811b4839e8f4de693ae5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Fontaine Rare Book Collections Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Physical book Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First Latin Lessons, Containing the Most Important Parts of the Grammar of the Latin Language: Together With Appropriate Exercises in the Translating and Writing of Latin, for the Use of Beginners Description An account of the resource An instruction and grammatical guidebook for learning the basics of the Latin language, primarily with a focus on grammar, vocabulary, and syntax. The book has experienced significant wear to the spine and binding of the book, with multiple leaves folded or worn away from the central binding. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1839 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles Anthon, LL. D. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 378 pages Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital pdf scan of a physical book Language A language of the resource English and Latin Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digitized by Columbus State University students for educational and archival purposes Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Harper & Brothers in New York (82nd Cliff-Street) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rico Mora Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 4 Columbus State University Digitization Project Educational Resource History of the Book Fall 2025 Latin rare book special collections univrsity archives https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/4cac60a55722124ed601eac7f6d08d5b.pdf 8e9bcec0c72b664f40e1e28dcb88761e https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/f56b54c7ae2b3dbf6e2f5a982eaf6afe.pdf 03259b3c87762cd1e5495bd1776a26d5 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/203777598ab21f2b9bc3ffecf893659a.pdf e2ec4145d400c27b19503ab688775444 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/ac2d4bed4bb7f40c6f010cedbc7ce66f.pdf 8d0eaac0462d85658c0776e4d281c0af https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/650ba4efc3ed2b9ffec7bfa2aa9331cc.pdf 5698c296892e8142159798e8b37a2dca https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/f9aa244d33e4a42becf55061d8fc861b.pdf fefcf65eb9d4149dfa542efb5c99ba62 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/6973af7fdf083b1c468732120714043d.pdf cf16dd78ad0cce21a9b39d5a563aa2d0 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/e97074631c75b6b7eecded153406ba0e.pdf 7322ace3d01c43af5091afe42eea1aef https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/742bf8a98b0e5c406ca1cfdfc991097b.pdf 1f09b960503a39b25d84ed9ee5ff49cc https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/e3eb5e9d54ce995dd824bc7e1e384cb3.pdf 4c0ab2fb16f3bd36af7d3d8634401c9c https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/fdbbb3164d781837b3c5689409f6e55c.pdf 56dab9a517ba09cebd22b743528b9d59 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/37758be513878a8940b9784d63e714d1.pdf 6ce35b1d8be2117e0bd1089c002fd116 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/c1a0ef4635d635b3a37771bc801c52d0.pdf c55bea10f9e9854582596b4aa9707a94 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/0a0c30b8cf49330d94dc83d026d1a1aa.pdf f8a28202d632894ca7b823c1ec9936a4 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/f1a2e41c6addc3974af450affb19bbbb.pdf 4736f310ceb153af2f1d8f8f2f1e4e80 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/a7e3d1129b7e31551ef792893e822d81.pdf 15fba3eee08c44be955341571eabf658 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/6792bee914f22ab8479204fcde293e29.pdf 103665c6257dd53cffd387d5a480f86b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Fontaine Rare Book Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Columbus State Archives front desk phone number: 706-507-8672. Title A name given to the resource Almack's Revisited: Or, Herbert Milton Description An account of the resource Revisit the glamorous world of 19th century London society with this charming romance novel. Filled with gossip, scandal, and witty banter, this book is sure to transport you to a world of silk gowns, satin slippers, and forbidden love. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1828 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles Dodd White Extent The size or duration of the resource. 262 pages Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF documents Language A language of the resource English Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Physical Book Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digitized by Columbus State University students for educational and archival purpose. Subject The topic of the resource The glamorous world of 19th century London. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Gracie Williams, History of the Book Class, Fall 2025 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. 13 Chapters Date Created Date of creation of the resource. October 23rd, 2025 Date Accepted Date of acceptance of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Accepted may be relevant are a thesis (accepted by a university department) or an article (accepted by a journal). October 23rd, 2025 Date Copyrighted Date of copyright. October 23rd, 2025 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Columbus State University Digitization Project early print culture History of the Book Fall 2025 John Fontaine rare book special collections university archives https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/22b0b3ba2401bd7e045b4813e13b242c.jpg 1e25f33568978096a034bc88f9e5345c https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/c7f97cf15099d70cc9d537e3f15c2a9e.png 26ddd8fc19c00484c6a7865527c06af4 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/465d5429db17e27f704bd21d407fb880.png 5a8c436bad7fc5e327573beceb2946dc https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/1395dc9c6cb9ceaaf86f4186aff8f5c5.png a626bd043c47f10f414c0ceab6d38df4 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/b05c1d0dd1e5a45678be2b5d6edf38dc.png 03213edab4ca6fb28f6d112d953d3981 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/a569f935016b35eea74838e46759c5a7.png 467cb8105613b42fdc1f69c5fdcc6409 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/8a154ea5f6df554a47de22a183bc6afc.png aa75cbd1e46b6298902987722d7c650d https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/b0402923f709d91afbda1027c9d58b40.png c87fd367f12c258647400eec4051e2ef https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/6dc3c7ac538ebc1dcb37d3948882dafa.png ad7dd64fe76fca58febf07a5e8aa13ae https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/8dafe74698bdc73b45234569dc68b050.png fdb38b7b59a7b9490c2b1648c43ddcbd https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/72f997f9f80dc464aa55220211dfe6e0.png a93adf2007d8cef0d4ad4031ad68554a https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/a32e3d00123c051de28d693e7615f71a.png 4b404e9488fedd5a44c6911b7285b9d1 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/5bf3d29ab133cf840eb35c159675fbfd.png 3d41c2ed1f6634bd5b11132055e77b39 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/6f0c397611871a2f57284703a0b46c31.png e613bdfe79f222fbbab6a7b05874f0a2 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/2d1c7133eff363591f451c6189b48d6f.png 1df6760874ed1d967e24b3dc3d1dcc3f https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/b7f2e2c5b8419b27581f9804e65092ae.png e38b1fee1952c76ffb3393d21d787432 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/b386b90f268695bfe3a2b13b06d9139b.png c9ceacd7a7679b1a8479f6ec65ace457 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/2d6431802c9bd9f829e889346da9b4de.png 3b7195ebc99912fd9ea1f10d5b203eb3 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/11daf71ab494ab85d93cd44e1f14b015.png ceb0862a1637be3028626113e7a2b41f https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/51783be56c7e6c5e53405ed1c946627f.png d3d88e9a32a4f6ea761c29b7e9f61627 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/7339030cb2e358b723c1162f6b992e84.png 4da45f1b6c9f2b49766bee4d076e39a0 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/445a9e284a1dd93514c4ace1e3b2ef3f.png 35bf4251ba1865c7978d6cb04ce3938c https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/fa25e91c9ad6f5d992d305298043de24.png e747a405597fbeb314b30aa3866dadb9 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/90627b2cc51ca000673d5190cd727ca3.png fac460b014345cdd199025beae0bd226 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/c099af1ad8f4ad037d1f5ee0ff8cddda.png 1eb8a27571eaaf9663d190f52ef4b4fe https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/bdedcfd4e8bd23c47d138e3c17d21628.png 558c6262e24abd687dad85fa31c14388 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/fd6741307c5aa29cad5e04f52ec0ec1e.png 4885b7411fad809ac34d6a477b199324 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/603fd67e489b01480ecb7f2182fc3b9e.png 90a992023efb14aad66aee87f248b471 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/7163a5738d5de1728a536572a13c074b.png 3b97b94ec0b401f5581bbb07ed36e9ab https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/438a5e1f0e05d0c5622e61a66a170114.png 714c97e6b9dfcaa3ef22a44e962fe731 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/ebf47fb63770edf249b0b830bd84db29.png 56bab1f18776db2e84428239fd0f0789 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/0894eae122dbd0ba8773bf65e0c345a5.png d95425a6079a836ec8819da1e4dd7ca7 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/5730f0bc46188a4ac729db504e033494.png 2d577241f0585469fe63f4197ab8b327 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/8f0df031943088577d16dbebe51050f0.png 6bc36c2fdce4dae2c0573d83935caf3a https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/4f7a70dbff8205b7141f00a2807c3418.png b3a0dd4c99f745601123050c4ba02168 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/b353987071634a51f74517e9725a849a.png 67d9dcc6cd59eb4321aa28ffdf842651 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/1721490fd4f13044f28753f828fe24c1.png b62f0700add593f9cb957eae4c1e33bf https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/6418f269884a37c182de7615d7586e5b.png d3992f4a696d0a96ca1cb0b8cefe3441 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/1d88de9d935b44963fea903364e1cd17.png e2c9f31e68012b8ffae1ff32ace2e401 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/18b2c655c16a6671990ba8268ad64882.png 07feb3e6e95dd0ee035fb4ecb35a4534 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/04fb61ebc82881c2b17dd71a7412efd4.png bf2875cb2933832720a80bf59380719f https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/2f0a864cad82287c3429bbeba0cbea89.png 13f6a8a06cb8738c8604ee6f247be357 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/b08734a712def15e59605070fcb81e0b.png 1da1a9ec58952de91a340363c70b8870 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/a10db1871132958ac87e976fb9f45e01.png 69f05cbe2cb708fc2d84beeb708df431 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/53a6d259ac934791f7f31ed729c541a5.png a10c8266375a4f3dd4ab2a7395f908e3 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/a6a6e9084dc55b8c9de18c5afaf8587a.png de30c56ae48d3139986faefe8b6ceced https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/aaa60d6f520b7534dcb97eafb39a02fe.png b853ed98e2b86807cd13295c9f655bfa https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/9f3a0da64c2b49258add8903bf7ca68b.png 98a39c11c1d5a2606a2b74758a1ff6a2 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/59d102583abbb1a5555d2f350f37663a.png fb93ff2a6be0b93de0ba1c473fe385f6 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/1d5ac8ff52e0033d9d1820b3fe5bff7e.png 2a0db3a934bef8be5f4f781737313d8b https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/d14cdc263fe80f47dea5fc88682029c1.png b800adddb157ccabe623505253c49f42 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/e2729224f4f88650abe118dd2ac87d97.png 924a3897fdb517dc1e79d68e3f3c1927 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/f667bbedd12ebff1db5f274217409113.png fa8fd6f690e0aa622dec40abb4343a0c https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/72b7ed9c7d7ead9c1f9b67cf60d748ef.png a0958a4cca34974789936e2e56c5e313 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/e1631b1b2e706ab20af8faca40fda17c.png 5eb25b229c510c44444884820908ad80 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/0e9ba49c237daa7587f872eeea6b6883.png d6e6ba6b8e0617ed64e1a35b138e7e32 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/c5fefa5cf8906c917e9ffbb2e0e7aedb.png 612db6056c866d0aefed787cdd151a62 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/1c9a6c6dcaba27d547aac2b22ba5d9cf.png a7f081a46feb1d0f6cee8e9c0b87263c https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/cbf73cdb5c7a4a2f5d4f4efa339c7e92.png d29d6d0c86b69db68ee350430a88fae5 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/a8be46657c4caa8e697b3ea2e7e96939.png c01f456dbb67109f11c4fad246e282d6 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/7b9c957a61f4300a01a46451280292e1.png 64c1109d89868866ff3c3346acda2575 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/a5c1c91277e7da294b8c30ff638e2f29.png 02ca56bd01bc1cbd71e8484549345f8a https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/f36d21e66fb7d7ca94f4b8755d6b830b.png d52d1a2a1d6630f78fcce7610abafd48 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/fcd25b5ed1c6c2545a54cdaf34947e26.png 4d6b118cb172989b4cd279e7f7ae955b https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/b763413e54582c4aef3efb02b3cd72ff.png b0dd998f1c244599813b2c798d38dc48 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/feed93eaa2be763149cf6dd04b559a52.png d32c38c2c63b0e165f8144d850d60708 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/d44aa0b71fb89a68adf98129526bc950.png dc136cb1a7f52dad252c66a2208cc521 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/c81a01d117ccf02603569aa6de3d8c91.png 60616480d7500a8fedfc3d3004a8786a https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/2d4a6852749dc451f46d50ee60b695e4.png 8848ca0d0872ea2b35642cab26e78f2c https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/2177a4d9142d89544f40059451a7f4ae.png eeb5f0756847d08a5a7f04982ef58543 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/38e7aab8a70511fab074a05ba965e230.png ce2298dd228b133b3ecfdc25088e3ab8 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/ba3473371f9199c13dd030e276429240.png 572346dc32db74da168902d5149c9cfb https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/8ac09c461194ed97520c4a70b993ccce.png 5a03ec9b369280a86eadaa30e067b961 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/eb338af1ed3f7e83233001e5af1384cd.png d3603b67db7214ada1ded49678badef8 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/c798bc02a204c6340eee202f60435b48.png c05ce9cf568a45c1a2a95b7d3238b96d https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/eb36cd7f3488f53bd6060db0a5697a4c.png 644df49ef7f63a4299fb14aa4266c013 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/785b5a2a8d6b8a38cb9539867a080832.png 5673719b61c223a24c924c2346a41b39 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/14ce735c6cef624289aaab9ac5da17cf.png f07a077b9108f485d754b0757d9ce845 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/181f98f15c6be4de75336991dde94529.png b650f0b1c5539703b0f1a68fd59f98b2 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/ad54275fcd7c0dd700744c3e6b00a537.png 5bf08ec0259eca7c615a46491bf6e30a https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/23a392fce70f7ba3e342c172cf574a27.png 45f3c49fd3495a89bcef788be702fd99 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/9085f98b8c5fbf97d23dac87ef33d64a.png 041a18fd656f61130b7f3349d93d6f50 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/b892252725730661cf0baca805ed9284.png 168319ed2c4b8a31292d2926793f2f4b https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/2bb6909be1f0bf675db2e9f4ba5e6e3f.png 5dc26a04a30b5619a4c3a77744eccf71 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/fc6dacc7bee5f5921caacacc300eacc7.png 432a0e5461de27e739aa2e782e213a16 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/d36c0cde78003b44caeffb3ccd615329.png 39261f54e6d75659e645778fb541fdf3 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/5266e65a025bb57019d38cb03f7c871f.png 4ce480568c5984c24cc4b78eff73cef4 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/938c719571ca9ae64af72873aa4d45e2.png 547375c42f9b166b8e86ef192ce6a17e https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/056f2c7a2b21371ca5c05100bdd50aaf.png 1fb1f1845d167abad9ba5fed72b3e439 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/69d497b1d64e68523846898b35168cf1.png 70975e50fe3d8a899a071ae3f1a6fa6a https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/a41892ab8b6bce5043295ae560e6f3c8.png f7f4b2e0874f76483bcf331bc3f129e0 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/f673f80a5fb97a25e7100160f905e9cd.png 926121bf1ed106842c961dfcdd45e245 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/1c51027b050ae13dbe56cfe4aa7c9181.png ffa6a74e05f7e0b96776fbf1ec7aa6fa https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/a77222eb2d80f14a56441bf47f4ae651.png e164a1b2f77400bf56030eca0cac7c84 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/b9823bec23bfba873284aa8d031e2620.png b5e984abdf13060ee4cdbc5c8716bbe5 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/27340aa6ae02bffa78f5a7683962ec30.png 421ea2684d6022c582ae1e18b5b408bb https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/77cc4804d2f09024274202155df46e30.png 92b5c940d5acdfc841a916f7e998d02d https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/eedb91d077f9b556006f39d5d8913dd9.png c68285b6880a0404bbe9abec44c73eed https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/730bcd6b3621c73f185d4ea103fd3edb.png f90fb5c304825b73a9facc629939ebdc https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/c866bbbfabe8b3c2de722225adf53adb.png cebc4c26b62c4d910726997e40a5bc91 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/a5917976abe8b4bc16e4a31eeeacd2c2.png 61655a45e36090ac05c7049623718810 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/740449b8648f307774861ecd69782168.png d69be324999025339b9331342c57280e https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/325fe4b05be6a1af9a87e3937532d73e.png f493ec2124301929bf222d460eaaed19 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/335353d80e776fdd6378791560d1290a.png a3e9ffb37f5c8fc9b0028a2daa51af52 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/7b09daa49660474364e4833399abfb7a.png 3f38165b298cb3bc30d67a3761c86fd5 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/9679f5c3843ee4a084449673eb94da6c.png 77864c3bb5ebd5f24d6b0b5a66013479 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/77b43fa8777df7d71e6b7e1636f69a0b.png 895400b9ba8d12417a1ae6385bf95297 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/ad1df89322aad9ee052e3b8c3c742022.png 09ca9dae856023d65ae0ab70b15b8d82 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/90af86ce9c976c9a408bafb015a83e89.png cbcac8cc4973a8f1a61a51717cfdd3e7 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/eb001d81de56aca5c89deb45e6d64154.png 8ca82b6c3f1c27201d490a3974ee4d38 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/dbc4d4e18f21dac73bdc6660364ca7a4.png 2cd829063d82b111e8ad455d0ad0ef5f https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/dfad6d17ef8d76d14ddde0eb81cd272b.png 437d01511f549daf433c16df6095c314 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/6c9855478ef890edcd8df3a83fae1bc9.png b6999249402a53538ba77f2dcf750eac https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/c39c4cce57dd2f1b4dbd395282d63723.png 6a2af806cb41f57bbf15d8c7f63c9da1 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/601cb39717d4f4b429b741f0dfa73c3b.png e2016c52114096f18645d33959282394 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/080f1a8563778e8097df20c98efc292d.png 2147686f915e8b8db4269e9da06e1ac4 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/c9706e1da3d4438f1fe47ce68923ef3a.png 765cf4a24ee48c0ffc98be08530eb3f9 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/5889aa052216e76648b73dbc4689ceb0.png f3d0699cd1b2bd33ea25fa9c897031af https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/5c4dd593977d1bee7144298b2e30eb1b.png 51f4c497d181549df6b5ea4cf6c6ac00 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/ba731213cae5465a29bc97e7f4c847c1.png bd63fe45a3dbb38d82438e16eeef7fe4 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/39ed975fd2ef7e174e22ba7f256e7189.png e38d9f7a4f0ce387269510dcdf0a6de4 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/f47b5289a4e538f4764b0b2d05f5fa37.png 1fd84512aa59c354cb2beff92658ee0a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Fontaine Rare Book Collections Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sunday Enjoyments ; Religion made Pleasant to Children. Description An account of the resource A 1860 children's book thats main goal was teach kids religion Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Dana Jr Language A language of the resource English Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digitized by Columbus State University students for educational and archival purposes. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Daniel Dana Jr 1860 archives book children's book collection Columbus State University Digitization Project digitized early print culture educational Fall 2025 Fontaine Fontaine Collection historical history history of the book John Fontaine rare book religion Religion at School research special collections story university archives https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/710043d76a1c59f06e10868b8067699f.pdf 543090caacd314e4868580ca61a0ff29 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Fontaine Rare Book Collections Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Night and Morning Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Edward Bulwer-Lytton Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1841 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource CSU Student Taylor Ward History of the Book Class, Fall 2025 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Lot #17 Description An account of the resource This 1841 Harper & Brothers edition of Edward Bulwer-Lytton's Night and Morning is a moral novel about family, class, and ambition. This copy once belonged to John Fontaine, the first mayor of Columbus, Georgia, and his family, connecting it to local history and the reading culture of early Southern elites. The worn cloth cover, foxing, and old paper all showcase how books and novels traveled, aged, and connected with people. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digitized by the Columbus State University students for educational and archival purposes. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Harper & Brothers Bulwer-Lytton Columbus GA Fontaine Collection Night and Morning Printing Press https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/41d37d0b9534ef73a967d4626ed30062.pdf 1b3a23e2f315e948e819cece2ea1dfec https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/e6789f4b2953ba11314a7910c5b61728.pdf edd218eef2ea281e673b854b04165b07 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/3214b85ddfcd194dd82987acc7377f0b.pdf d44e264d7ed85ef32f414a002824e9e7 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/554ae2813e97dfecfedee98252e2b343.pdf 10582dfc2d8dd8b8197f6e4e2ec330c2 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/bcababfdd41362dfb973ebd71337ff70.pdf 94d8e2094f95f5a8af77f7f873212250 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/0f84c8c8cd3f829d725a6339e336d5ca.pdf e2e82d2a50442d99e5c60cf71a97c493 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/35d62b786e5989b711aa4a729b01e58a.pdf a16a0ac6772b0a33eb80712226f58259 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/5d633d142fa088fca95e2267945fd8a1.pdf dd2346d25f556debc4c6a991afe45982 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/d6b5750ad263d4b18f89a290e3128a38.pdf 133f5b34b4b935c39ea81942ce6b4f04 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/350cd0479b2bde00baf47b0408d2ba61.pdf b356ae2a929b4e9c86871da982f15920 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/263d684f0a8ca2f01ef6fab4dc1e8ecf.pdf 29f3e45014cf4b0c14925cec43d6e693 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/55571a9177e5226f070d21c3e7ba7abf.pdf aea62f02467ff190b3ac5431af94a9cf https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/7e62b664cb7f97ed256200dee385e57e.pdf 73141474050a72c7f4b46d1a980ca88d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Fontaine Rare Book Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource William Herbert; OR, Religion at School. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1848 Language A language of the resource English Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digitized by Columbus State University students for educational and archival purposes. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Philadelphia: American Sunday-School Union Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Taylor Smith, History of the Book Class Fall 2025 Description An account of the resource This book was a part of the John Fontaine book collection. It was gifted to him by his Aunt Susan on September 11, 1849. It was originally written for the American Sunday-School Union. It is considered a children's book with a storyline about a young boy named William Herbert, who is introduced to the Christian faith after experiencing various troubles while away at boarding school. The physical book remains intact, featuring a marbled hardcover. The spine has a lot of wear, resulting in the seams of the pages being visible on the exterior and causing the book to be in a fragile condition. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 706-507-8672 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF document 1848 archives book children's book collection Columbus State University Digitization Project digitized early print culture educational Fall 2025 Fontaine Fontaine Collection historical history history of the book John Fontaine rare book religion Religion at School research special collections story university archives William Herbert https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/01deb07ce278b1a2fb9b85db0c1dc4cd.pdf 3b39b2f9da9806fcddc118c564dad3e8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Fontaine Rare Book Collections Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Vast Army: An Allegory Description An account of the resource The Vast Army: An Allegory is 145 pages in length, and features a marbled front cover, a partially missing/damaged spine, and is most likely bound through sewing. It is a religious allegorical novel that follows three boys who are divinely appointed by a mysterious messenger to lead an army for a benevolent king. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Reverend Edward Monro Extent The size or duration of the resource. 145 pages Language A language of the resource English Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digitized by Columbus State University students for educational and archival purposes. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available General Protestant Episcopal Sunday School Union And Church Book Society. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource History of the Book Class, Fall 2025 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF document Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 19th century Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PS2419.M6 V3 Columbus State University Digitization Project early print culture Fall 2025 history of the book rare book special collections university archives https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/dfe1ff6e57603dcec2c4f64f2424eea6.pdf d2d6722be99a87b41e95d4dec68fdd98 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource African American Theatres In Georgia: Preserving An Entertainment Legacy Description An account of the resource A thesis examining the history of four African American theatres (including the Liberty) in the state of Georgia. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J.L. Ellerbee Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The University of Georgia Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Quinton Benner Ruth Conry Jonathan Anuforo Robert Ralston Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ellerbee, J. L. (2004). African American Theatres In Georgia: Preserving An Entertainment Legacy (thesis). University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. https://openscholar.uga.edu/record/9715?v=pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Bessie Smith Cab Calloway Duke Ellington Fats Waller history Lena Horne liberty Liberty Theatre ma rainey Marian Anderson Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Fontaine Rare Book Collections Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Book Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Book- 1863 Spelling Book/Primer by Salem Town. Located at Columbus State University Archive. Call number PE 1144. T6. 1863. John Fontaine Library. Title A name given to the resource Town's New Speller and Definer Description An account of the resource Book. 4 5/8" x 7 1/8". Paper covered board and red cloth binding. Worn cover, split binding. Front matter is missing, likely the title page and table of contents page. The first page of preface is torn. Several torn/damaged pages throughout the book. Contains stamp inside front cover: W.L. Chaffin Bookseller, Stationer, Newsdealer. Columbus, Georgia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863 Edition Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salem Town (1779-1864) Extent The size or duration of the resource. 168 pages Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Images Language A language of the resource English Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Book Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digitized by Columbus State University for educational and archival purposes. Subject The topic of the resource Speller/Primer Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Published for Albert Mason by Hurd and Houghton Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Digitized by Stephanie Smith for Dr. Bryan Banks History of the Book class, Fall 2025. Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1863 book Columbus GA Columbus State University Columbus State University Archives CSU Archives Digitization Project Fontaine Collection History of the Book Fall 2025 Hurd and Houghton John Fontaine Library rare book Town's New Speller and Definer https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/f4012baae2ec372b7644c1bd934fa6fe.pdf 5b5a00bab006692935e1a7bfd49a6790 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/72cf263d00ee7e039738559828b2cdd8.jpg 1d2e1180b051a214bf5678e9798a4b22 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/9f5b727170aaa6fbfa9fb00ef7b08772.jpg a7a011e68f4cd1d089a8c4fbb0e93842 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/030bc0ef779a46da8d258ad7f94941f3.jpg 5fffb1519f07bc308814d9cbf49298bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Fontaine Rare Book Collections Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Book Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BV 4909.Q5 1864 Title A name given to the resource Balm for the Weary and the Wounded Description An account of the resource Popular Confederate devotional. The book was well worn with pages torn and falling out. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1864 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Quintard, C. T. (Charles Todd) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Book Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digitized by Columbus State University students for educational and archival purposes. Subject The topic of the resource Civil War Era Devotional Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Columbia (S.C): Evans & Cogswell, printers Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Michael Bank Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Bettie Shorter, believed to be Mary Elisabeth Short, appears to have owned this book at one time. Bettie Shorter Christian Devotional Columbia Columbus Confederate Confederate Army Confederate States of America Confederates Devotional Evans & Cogswell John Fontaine Mary Elisabeth Shorter Quintard rare book https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/9c41d24b9fd80e0e2d998f6ce432aa96.jpg 6a712974c50dadcc83ef9a1f1c33d871 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Broad Street, Columbus GA, 1900 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/11eea10ebe36c35265eae231cb0da28b.jpg 6a712974c50dadcc83ef9a1f1c33d871 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Origins - Local Life in Columbus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/14/2025 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Diego Montes Language A language of the resource English Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Diego Montes, Eva Ruiz, Enluis Montes, Sebastian Ocando, Ty Gable. Relation A related resource Liberty Theater Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Broad Street, Columbus GA, 1900 Description An account of the resource It shows a main street in Columbus, with streetcars, carriages, and pedestrians bustling about in the city. It gives an idea of ​​what the city center looked like at the dawn of the 20th century, with commerce, early public transportation, and everyday life Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1900 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sebastian Ocando, Diego Montes, Eva Ruiz, Enluis Montes, Ty Gable Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://bikewalk.life/2021/04/when-streets-were-for-everyone-columbus-ga-in-1900/ https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/a6958e77fab881f07f080ef284b4f102.gif 8ea6f53d820d1c163bae1a2c151a80a9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Broad Street North 11th Street, Columbus, GA 1897 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Origins - Local Life in Columbus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/14/2025 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Diego Montes Language A language of the resource English Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Diego Montes, Eva Ruiz, Enluis Montes, Sebastian Ocando, Ty Gable. Relation A related resource Liberty Theater Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Broad Street North11th Street, Columbus, GA1897 Description An account of the resource Historic view of Broad Street looking north from 11th Street. Commercial buildings, urban activity, and the early Columbus scene in the late 19th century are visible Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1897 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.columbusga.gov/history/ Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sebastian Ocando, Diego Montes, Enluis Montes, Eva Ruiz, Ty Gable https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/f2917c18e89fbb1ebe8eebc819c729e0.pdf 48c8dac7ae7cd70708bd95b8b18a4975 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document NPS Form 10-900 (7-81) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For NPS use only received OCT - 4 1983 date entered National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries-complete applicable sections 1. Name historic Apollo Theater and/or common 2. Location street & number 253 West 125th Street __not for publication city, town New York vicinity of congressional district state New York code 36 county New York code 061 3. Classification Category __district [x] building(s) __structure __site __object Ownership __public [x] private __both Status [x]occupied __unoccupied __work in progress Present Use __agriculture __commercial __educational [x]entertainment __government __industrial __military __museum __park __private residence __religious __scientific __transportation __other: Public Acquisition [NA] in progress [NA] being considered Accessible [X] yes: restricted __yes: unrestricted __no 4. Owner of Property name Inner City Broadcasting Corporation c/o Percy Sutton street & number 802 Second Avenue city, town New York __vicinity of state New York 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Surrogates Court / Hall of Records street & number 31 Chambers Street city, town New York state New York 6. Representation in Existing Surveys title Landmarks Preservation Commission Urban Cultural Resources Surveys 1/6/83 has this property been determined eligible? X yes __no date 1983 __federal __state __county [x]local depository for survey records 20 Vesey Street city, town New York state New York 10007 7. Description Condition __excellent [x] good __fair __deteriorated __ruins __unexposed Check one __unaltered [x] altered Check one [x] original site __moved date NA Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance The Apollo Theater is located in the heart of Harlem on the north side of 125th Street between 7th and 8th Avenues, a large and busy com- mercial street containing a variety of 19th and 20th century build- ings. The three-story building, measuring four bays wide on its principal street facade, has been altered over the years but retains most of its early 20th century character. Originally the building contained a cafe and cabaret in the basement, a burlesque theater and store on the main floor, a restaurant on the second floor, and loft and meeting rooms on the third floor. Today the second and third floors above the lobby are divided into small rooms and serve as offices and storage space. The south and principal facade is clad with white terra-cotta. The first floor incorporates several remodeling campaigns and the addition of a contemporary storefront with modern windows and doors. Above, the original ashlar coursed white glazed terra-cotta embellished with a denticulated cornice extends the width of the building. Five colossal pilasters divide the upper facade into four bays. These pilasters on the ends are panelled, with stylized Tuscan capitals. The three central pilasters are fluted with Ionic capitals. A heavy modillioned metal cornice is surmounted by three parapet-like pedestals placed above the central pilasters. The bays are filled with large square windows with terra-cotta spandrels. The spandrels above the second story are decorated with fluted heraldic panels bearing shields. Narrow spandrels above the third story are decorated with Greek fretwork. The windows consist of both paired double-hung sash and a single-pane pivot type with a single transom in the two upper eastern bays and three lower western bays. A heavy marquee above the entrance that bears the word "Apollo" on the two sides, extends across half the building, covering the width of the sidewalk. A large vertical two-sided sign also bearing the name "Apollo" rises above and perpendicular to the building, supported by metal framework. Both signs date from the 1940's. The theater's original L-shape plan remains intact, retaining its entry sequence through a vestibule and lobby and into the main auditorium. The front portion of the building is divided into two equal sections: the western half consisting of the vestibule and lobby to the Apollo and the eastern half a separate store. The rear of the structure consists of a three-tiered auditorium. The theater is oriented on a perpendicular axis to the entrance with the stage at the east wall of the building. The lobby, separated from the street by a small vestibule, retains its original volume and rectangular shape plan, although its finishes were removed in the 1960's. A large mural portraying black artists who have performed at the Apollo has been installed along the lobby walls leading to the auditorium. [page break] NPS Form 10-900-a (7-81) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For NPS use only received date entered National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form Continuation Sheet Apollo Theater 253 W. 125th St. N.Y. Item number 7 Page 2 The auditorium is rectangular in plan and three stories in height. The floor of the orchestra is raked toward the stage, divided by two center aisles. The rows of seating are tiered and placed on a curve to provide for the best possible views. Monumental arches flank the proscenium and frame two levels of double-tiered boxes. The entablature and arches are decorated with classically inspired plaster ornament, including foliation and circle motifs. The Apollo is one of the few theaters remaining in New York City with two balconies. The balconies, each reached by a separate set of stairs, curve around the back of the auditorium. They are supported on the orchestra level by fluted columns (stripped on the lower portions) and on the first balcony level by square columns with simple molded capitals. The balconies have brass handrails and the front panels retain much original classically inspired plaster ornament, including Greek fretwork, shields, wreaths, garlands, and rope moldings. The interior of the Apollo Theater has retained much of its original character despite several minor renovations from the 1930's-1970's. These interior alterations include: replacement of the original seating and carpeting, stripping of the ornamental plaster from the lower boxes, and removal of the scagliola fluting from the columns supporting the balcony on the orchestra level. 8. Significance Period __prehistoric __1400-1499 __1500-1599 __1600-1699 __1700-1799 __1800-1899 [x] 1900-- Areas of Significance--Check and justify below __archeology-prehistoric __archeology-historic __agriculture [x]architecture __art __commerce __communications __community planning __conservation __economics __education __engineering __exploration/settlement __industry __invention __landscape architecture __law __literature __military [x] music __philosophy __politics/government __religion __science __sculpture __social/humanitarian [x] theater __transportation __other (specify Specific dates 1913 Builder/Architect George Keister Statement of Significance (in one paragraph) The Apollo Theater is historically and architecturally significant for its role as one of New York City's and the nation's leading entertainment centers for over four decades. Completed in 1914 as a burlesque house, it later became the premier performance hall for black American performers and a symbol of the movement to promote black cultural awareness in the 1930s. Its contribution as a nuturing force and a showcase of black talent ranks it as one of this country's most significant cultural resources. The Apollo's interior, with its classically inspired ornament, retains much of its original character, providing associations with its history as a theater. During much of the nineteenth century, Harlem was a fashionable suburb for wealthy and upper-middle class white Manhattan residents. At the turn of the century, following the completion of subway routes, speculative overbuilding of rowhouses and apartment buildings resulted in a real estate bust in 1904. At this time, major black neighborhoods, (the west side, streets 20s-60s), were experiencing redevelopment and the residents were being displaced. The combination of available real estate in Harlem and displacement from other neighborhoods made Harlem attractive to New York City blacks, who began to move into Harlem around 1910. This migration increased during the 1920s as blacks moved to Harlem from the American south and the West Indies. During these years, Harlem became the urban cultural capital of black America. The "center" of Harlem was then considered to be around 135th Street, between Lenox and Seventh Avenues. By the 1930s, as the black population moved southward, 125th Street, already a major shopping and entertainment throughfare, became the "Main Street" of black Harlem. Built as Hurtig and Seamon's New (Burlesque) Theater, the Apollo originally catered to a primarily white clientele and presented the popular entertainment of the day: burlesque. The New Theater was in operation until 1934, when a crackdown on burlesque shows was undertaken by Mayor La Guardia's administration. In 1935 Frank Schiffman and Leo Brecher, two white businessmen, purchased the building and renamed it the Apollo Theater. Under their direction, the theater presented a permanent variety show format which featured leading black entertainers. 9. Major Bibliographical References Apollo Theater. The Apollo Theater Story. New York: Apollo Operations, Inc. 1966. Schiffman, Jack. Uptown: The Story of Harlem's Apollo Theater. New York: Cowles Book Co., Inc., 1971. Shockley, Jay. Apollo Theater-Designation Report. New York: Landmarks Preservation Commission, 1983. 10. Geographical Data Acreage of nominated property Approximately 2/5 of an acre Quadrangle name Central Park, N.Y. - N.J. Quadrangle scale 1:24000 UT M References A. Zone 18 Easting 588550 Northing 4517990 B Zone__ Easting______ Northing_______ C D E F G H Verbal boundary description and justification The boundary of the Apollo Theater, 253 West 125th Street, is shown as the bold line on the accompanying plot map. List all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries [NA] state code county code state code county code 11. Form Prepared By name/title Contact: Merrill Hesch organization NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation date September 1983 street & number E.S.P. Agency Bldg. 1 telephone 518 474-0479 city or town Albany state New York 12238 12. State Historic Preservation Officer Certification The evaluated significance of this property within the state is: [X] national __state __local As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service. State Historic Preservation Officer signature title Commissioner date 9-22-83 For NPS use only I hereby certify that this property is included in the National Register [illegible signature], Keeper of the National Register date 11/17/83 Attest: date Chief of Registration GPO 894-785 [page break] NPS Form 10-900-a (3-82) OMB No. 1024-0018 Exp. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For NPS use only received date entered National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form Apollo Theater Continuation Sheet Apollo Theater 253 W. 125th St., New York, New York Co. Item number 8 Page 2 The Apollo became the center for Harlem's popular entertainment and one of the nation's most important arenas for the display of leading black performing talent for a period of four decades. "Harlem recognized no popular entertainer until he or she had appeared or excelled at the Apollo. "1 Throughout its history, it displayed every form of popular black entertainment, including comedy, drama, dance, gospel, blues, jazz, swing, bebop, rhythm and blues, rock and roll and soul music. In programing such a variety of black entertainers, the Apollo's management contributed to the development of Harlem into the major urban cultural and intellectural center for blacks in the United States. "The Apollo," according to former New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Chairman Kent L. Barwick, "is unparelleled in shaping both the careers of major black performers and a variety of forms of American entertainment. Nearly every black American performer has played the Apollo, from blues singer Bessie Smith in the 1930s, to jazz great Louis Armstrong, Count Basie, and Duke Ellington, to Dinah Washington, Sam Cooke, and the Supremes, through soul singer Aretha Franklin and James Brown in the 1970s. It is no wonder that the Apollo, aside from having had an extraordinary impact on our culture, has become synonymous with Harlem itself."2 Designed by architect George Keister in the neoclassical style, the Apollo retains much of its original character. The 1700-seat theater auditorium features a proscenium arch with flanking boxes and elaborate classically inspired plaster ornament. The Apollo is one of the few theaters remaining in New York City with two balconies. The Apollo's exterior, faced in white terra cotta, handsomely displays five colossal pilasters capped by stylized Tuscan and Ionic capitals decorated with anthemion motifs. Keister was one of the most prominent theater architects in practice at the turn of the century. He worked throughout the metropolitan area designing the Sewlyn and the Belasco Theaters in Times Square, the Colonial Theater at 68th Street and Broadway, Loew's Yorkville (demolished), and the Bronx's Opera House. 1. Jervis Anderson, This was Harlem; A. Cultural Portrait, 1900-1950 (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1982) p. 238. 2. "Landmark News" (New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission), June 29, 1983. [page break] NPS Form 10-900-a (3-82) OMB No. 1024-0018 Exp. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For NPS use only received date entered National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form Apollo Theater Continuation Sheet Apollo Theater 253 W. 125th St., New York, New York Co. Item number 8 Page 3 The Apollo Theater's continuous tradition of live entertainment since the 1910s (which featured leading black performers since the 1930s) came to an end in the mid-1970s. A number of factors are usually cited for the Apollo's decline, including dwindling audiences, higher ticket prices, the opening of other arenas to black patronage, the decline of stage shows in the recording era, the ease with which top-name black performers could earn more money elsewhere, and the decline of 125th Street as a healthy commercial center. The building has subsequently had a mixed history: as a movie theater with occasional shows, a short-lived attempt to revive live entertainment without top names, years of standing vacant, and the sale to the Harlem Urban Development Corporation. The Apollo Theater remains, however, as a building of great significance in the history of American culture, representing the contribution of Harlem and black Americans to the entertainment of New York City and the nation. FHR-8-300 (11-78) United States Department of the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service For HCRS use only received date entered National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form Continuation Sheet Apollo Theater 253 W. 125th St., N.Y. Co. New York Item number 11 Page 2 Form Prepared By: Michael May, Graduate Research Assistant Carol Clark, Associate Director Elizabeth Igleheart, Reasearch Consultant Organization: New York Landmarks Conservancy 330 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 Telephone: (212) 736- 7575 Date: August 19, 1983 [page break] Apollo Theater 253 West 125th St. New York, New York Co., NY General Plot Plan 1929 Manhattan Land Book Updated March 1974 Scale 1200'=1" BUILDING ZONE RESTRICTIONS HEIGHT ZONES All properties in this plate are in zone 1 ½ and the height of the buildings is restricted to 1 ½ times the width of the Street or Avenue on which they front [page break] 83004059 WASO Form 177 ("R" June 1984) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET Apollo Theater New York County NEW YORK Substantive Review Working No. OCT 4 1983 Fed. Reg. Date: 2/5/83 Date Due: 11/3/83 - 11/18/83 Action: [x] ACCEPT 11/17/83 __ RETURN __REJECT __Federal Agency: [ ] resubmission [ ] nomination by person or local government [ ] owner objection [ ] appeal Substantive Review: [ ] sample [ ] request [ ] appeal [ ] NR decision Reviewer's comments: The Apollo Theater is significant for its historical associations with the development of Harlem into the nation's major black cultural and intellectual center. The statement of significance does not provide adequate justification for architectural significance but mini- mally established the exceptional importance of the theater to American history. Recom./Criteria Accept A Reviewer Bushay Discipline Historian Date 11/17/83 ____see continuation sheet Nomination returned for: ___technical corrections cited below ___substantive reasons discussed below 1. Name 2. Location 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use Public Acquisition Accessible 4. Owner of Property 5. Location of Legal Description 6. Representation in Existing Surveys Has this property been determined eligible? [ ] yes [ ] no 7. Description Condition [ ] excellent [ ] good [ ] fair [ ]deteriorated [ ] ruins [ ] unexposed Check one [ ]unaltered [ ]altered Check one [ ] original site [ ] moved date__________ Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance [ ]summary paragraph [ ]completeness [ ]clarity [ ]alterations/integrity [ ]dates [ ] boundary selection 8. Significance Period Areas of Significance-Check and justify below Specific dates Builder/Architect Statement of Significance (in one paragraph) [ ] summary paragraph [ ] completeness [ ] clarity [ ] applicable criteria The initial significance of the Apollo Theatre is its historical associations with the emergence of Harlem in the 1930s as a black cultural mecca. The direct role the theater played in the literary, artistic and cultural lives of black Americans has not been discussed justification of areas checked at a national level of significance. In addition, events after 1935 relating significance to the resource were not demonstrated to be exceptionally significant and lack context both geographic and thematic context. In this case the nomination relationship of integrity to significance was acceptable for its obvious local significance, but it did justification of exception not do justice to the resource. other 9. Major Bibliographical References 10. Geographical Data Acreage of nominated property Quadrangle name UTM References Verbal boundary description and justification 11. Form Prepared By 12. State Historic Preservation Officer Certification The evaluated significance of this property within the state is: national state local State Historic Preservation Officer signature title date 13. Other Maps Photographs Other Questions concerning this nomination may be directed to Signed Date Phone: Comments for any item may be continued on an attached sheet NEW YORK LANDMARKS CONSERVANCY Apollo Theatre 253 West 125th Street New York, New York County, N.Y. photo 1 Photographer: Carl Forester Date Taken: October 1981 Negative filed at: New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission View looking north along W. 125th St. New York Landmarks Conservancy Broadway New York, New York 10004 LANDMARKS Apollo Theatre 253 West 125th Street CONSERVANCY New York, New York County, N.Y. photo 2 Photographer: Carl Forester Date Taken: October 1981 Negative filed at: New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior view of stage, looking east New York Landmarks Conservancy 330 West® 42nd Street 330 W. 42nd Street New York, New York 10036v York, New York 10036 212-736-7575 212-736-7575 UT L NEW YORK Apollo Theater LANDMARKS 253 West 125th Street CONSERVANCY New York, New York County, N.Y. photo 3 Photographer: Carl Forester Date Taken: October 1981 Negative filed at: New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Side boxes New York Landmarks Conservancy Broadway 330 W. 42nd Street York, New York 10004 New York, New York 10036 212-426-4085. 212-736-7575 UNITED STATES X CENTRAL PARK QUADRANGLE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) 74°,00' ISADES. 585000m.E YONKERS HALL) SW/4 HARLEM 15' QUADRANGLE 586 TE 7 MI 57'30" 588 40°52'30" (YONKERS) 590 591 55 593 2030000 FEET (N.Y.) 73°52'30" 40°52'30" 4525000m.N ENGI Englewood 4525 Tubby Hook Englewood Sewage Bedford Cliffs \Park Yicht NEW 740 000 LEONIA Linwood CRMAN 4524 L AS 230 000 FEET (N.Y.) 4523 Hazard SHAN Beach 4523 4 Hospital FORT LEE Point Morris Heights Tremont PALISADES PARK Park. Lcal 4522 B MI. PS Playg B 0 N Club 4521 Bridge 95 . 50' 4 Monroe Apollo Theater 253 West 125th Street New York County, New York UTM Reference: dgewater Central Park Quad 4520 All Zone 18 Seb Easting 588550 Northing 4517990 CLIFFSIDE PARK NEW H90 M H 4519 FAIRVIEW Bronx Fire Sta Sch Park EDGE Girlst Monastery WE Hunts Point FLUS (FLUSHING) 6265 4518 Sewage Disposal Port North Brother Light 4517 Bron: Barretto FERRY Hunts 4517 Harlem Randalls Island Stony Pt V PARK Brother 4516 ME 47'30" Leight Lawrence 47'30" Point 4516 ISLAND GUTTENBERG NEW YORK RESERVOIR THE IN BRONX CO 02 RIKE TORA Hayden CHANNEL Substation 4515 Light Gate Historical I Light Tidal Flat _ Hell Hallets Pot Bowery Bay LA GUARD Doctors GEN E AIRPORT 200 000 190 Steinway (N. Com ark Ai erminal TUNNEL 4 Halles Cove #Fire North APS 83 4513 EME # U E N S OF T YORK PS151 Heights WEST Long 4512000m.N THE 700 000 FEET (N.J.) NATION 40°45' 74°00' HOLLAND TUNNEL 2010 000 FEET (N Y.) 57'30 589 (BROOKL MIDTOWN 7.7 591 55' 2210000 FEE 593 40°45' 6265 Mapped edited and published by the Geological Survey BRIDGE 594000m.E. 73°52'30" GERREY CITY SCALE 1:24000 Revised in cooperation with New York MILE Department of Transportation ROAD CLASSIFICATION 1000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET Control by USGS, USC&GS, and New Jersey Geodetic Survey Heavy duty Light-duty KILOMETER Planimetry by photogrammetric methods and from USC&GS Charts T-4567, Medium-duty Unimproved dirt T-5089 T-5264, T-5278, T-5448, T-5449, T-5451, T-5452, T-5453, T-5458, 213 MILS CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET 12 MILS and T-5778. Topography by photogrammetric methods from aerial photographs NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929 Interstate Route U.S. Route State Route taken 1954 and planetable surveys 1956 DEPTH CURVES AND SOUNDINGS IN IS MEAN LOW WATER RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DATUMS IS VARIABLE NEW YORK Revised from aerial photographs taken 1966. Field checked 1966 UTM GRID AND 1979 NORTH SHORELINE SHOWN REPRESENTS THE APPROXMATE LINE OF MEAN HIGH WATER Selected hydrographic data compiled from USC&GS Charts 226, 274, 745, DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET THE AVERAGE RANGE OF TIDE APPROXIMATELY FEET CENTRAL PARK, N.Y.-N.J. 4 FEET IN THE HUDSON RIVER AND 5. FEET IN THF EAST RIVER 746, and 74 (1966). This information s'not intended for navigational purposes QUADRANGLE LOCATION SW/4 HARLEM 15' QUADRANOLE Polyconic projection. 1927 North American datum THIS MAP COMPLIES WITH NATIONAL MAP ACCURAGY STANDARDS Revisions shown in purple compiled from aerial photographs N4045-W7352.5/7.5 10,000 foot grids based on New York coordinate system, Long Island zone, FOR SALE BY U. GEOLOGICAL SURIEY RESTON, VIRGINIA 22092 taken 1977 and other source data This information and New Jersey coordinate system A FOLDER DESCRIBING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS AND SYMBOLS IS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST 1966 not field checked. Map edited 1979 PHOTOREVISED 1979 1000 meter Universal Transverse Mercator grid zone 18, shown in blue There may be private inholdings within the boundaries of AMS 6265 IV SW-SERIES V821 Red tint indicates areas in which only landmark buildings are shown the National or State reservations shown Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Apollo Theatre National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form Description An account of the resource A scanned nomination form from 1983 for the Apollo Theater to the National Park Service to be recognized as a registered Historic Place. This follows after the Apollo was forced to close in 1976 due to the degradation of the facility, lack of attendance due to mediascape changes and financial hardship. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Destinee Rouse Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived National Park Service, & Hesch, M., National Register of Historic Places Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records: New York; National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records, Records of the National Park Service, Record Group 79, National Archives at College Park - Electronic Records, College Park, MD. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75319263 Bessie Smith blues Count Basie dance jazz Louis Armstrong https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/286dc976e0b702f94346187c6e5b9ccd.jpg 3df7f70bfab3867c3a1641c0f0e336b5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First Historical photo of Liberty Theater Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Origins - Local Life in Columbus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/14/2025 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Diego Montes Language A language of the resource English Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Diego Montes, Eva Ruiz, Enluis Montes, Sebastian Ocando, Ty Gable. Relation A related resource Liberty Theater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First Historical photo of Liberty Theater Description An account of the resource An important photograph of the Liberty Theatre shortly after its opening in 1925. The building invites patrons to experience a vibrant mix of films and live performances. As the only theater in Columbus where African Americans could attend during segregation, the Liberty Theatre served as a vital cultural and social hub for the Black community, hosting everything from silent movies to vaudeville acts. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Language A language of the resource English Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Diego Montes, Eva Ruiz, Enluis Montes, Sebastian Ocando and Ty Gable Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Downtown,” Columbus, Georgia: Hear Us Talking, Georgia Public Library Service, accessed October 12, 2025, https://georgialibraries.omeka.net/s/CVL-Columbus-Georgia-Hear-Us-Talking/page/downtown https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/e4b1abdc0cad9c53ae3c11afe61e246e.png c32b6ee7307e65463a64e55a828c86ae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Royal Theatre ready for its opening in 1928 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Origins - Local Life in Columbus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/14/2025 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Diego Montes Language A language of the resource English Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Diego Montes, Eva Ruiz, Enluis Montes, Sebastian Ocando, Ty Gable. Relation A related resource Liberty Theater Website A resource comprising of a web page or web pages and all related assets ( such as images, sound and video files, etc. ). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Royal Theatre ready for its opening in 1928. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Language A language of the resource English Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Diego Montes, Sebastian Ocando, Eva Ruiz, Enluis Montes, Ty Gable. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “The Royal Theatre ready for its grand opening in 1928,” Cinema Treasures, uploaded by dallasmovietheaters, October 25, 2015, image, Columbus, GA, https://cinematreasures.org/theaters/4945/photos/140596 Description An account of the resource The Royal Theatre in 1928, stood as one of the early landmarks in the cultural development of Columbus. More than just a venue, the theater quickly became a central hub for entertainment, community gatherings, and the performing arts. Its presence marked the beginning of a more structured and visible cultural identity for the city, laying the foundation for future artistic and social enrichment. advertising Columbus Columbus GA Georgia Grand movie theaters movies Photo Plays Photograph The Grand Theatre https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/23d9f7bdbf3df5b57da13ca04320fe4e.png e494c4f5f1ba6ed078477ec230fb76de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Springer Opera House opening in 1871 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Origins - Local Life in Columbus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/14/2025 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Diego Montes Language A language of the resource English Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Diego Montes, Eva Ruiz, Enluis Montes, Sebastian Ocando, Ty Gable. Relation A related resource Liberty Theater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Coloration Is the photograph black and white or in color Black and White Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Springer Opera House opening in 1871 Description An account of the resource Exterior view of the Springer Opera House, opened February 21, 1871. Designed by architect Daniel Matthew Foley, the building stands as one of the oldest surviving performance halls in Columbus, Georgia. Its elaborate façade captures the elegance of 19th-century theater design, standing as a timeless emblem of Columbus’s cultural and artistic legacy. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 21, 1871 Language A language of the resource English Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Diego Montes, Eva Ruiz, Enluis Montes, Sebastian Ocando, Ty Gable. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert M. Craig, “Springer Opera House,” SAH Archipedia, edited by Gabrielle Esperdy and Karen Kingsley (Charlottesville: UVA Press, 2012), accessed October 12, 2025, http://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/GA-01-215-0026 https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/96c2cbdacd59a1c5c1f29bcd3c967f0f.webp 15ec7b7b8406f62ca6712640833ec8d7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbus Symphony Orchestra gave its inaugural concert in 1907 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Origins - Local Life in Columbus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/14/2025 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Diego Montes Language A language of the resource English Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Diego Montes, Eva Ruiz, Enluis Montes, Sebastian Ocando, Ty Gable. Relation A related resource Liberty Theater Website A resource comprising of a web page or web pages and all related assets ( such as images, sound and video files, etc. ). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbus Symphony Orchestra gave its inaugural concert in 1907. Description An account of the resource A black-and-white image of the Columbus Symphony Orchestra's inaugural concert in 1907. Musicians sit in formal attire with their instruments poised, while the conductor stands at center stage mid-gesture. The stage is framed by ornate drapery, and soft lighting highlights the historic moment as the city's first professional orchestra begins its legacy Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sebastian Ocando, Diego Montes, Enluis Montes, Eva Ruiz, Ty Gable. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “The Columbus Symphony: A Look,” The Columbus Dispatch, April 28, 2008, photo gallery, accessed October 12, 2025, https://www.dispatch.com/picture-gallery/news/local/2008/04/28/the-columbus-symphony-a-look/546188007/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1907 Activities Blind Tom Wiggins blues Columbus Competition concerts Count Basie dance education Ella Fitzgerald Folk jazz liberty Louis Armstrong ma rainey party performances recording Sisters Summer Camp Theater Tom Wiggins trumpet trumpet solo https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/991a327df6353d4d6152e81ca72fb824.png 86dc58dbfad7132ff6bb1fa9db3193f0 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbus' titled "Liberty District" Description An account of the resource The now titled Liberty District was one of Columbus' most prolific and safe gathering places for black entertainment during the era of segregation, and is home to the famed and now restored Liberty Theater. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Aidan Knighton Logan Gordy Kewanee Story Yinuo Chen Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Chattahoochee Valley Libraries. (2022). Downtown. Columbus, Georgia: Hear Us Talking. Retrieved September 28, 2025, from https://georgialibraries.omeka.net/s/CVL-Columbus-Georgia-Hear-Us-Talking/page/downtown Type The nature or genre of the resource https://georgialibraries.omeka.net/s/CVL-Columbus-Georgia-Hear-Us-Talking/page/downtown https://digitalarchives.columbusstate.edu/files/original/86162d4f3ca9efec83818d21049cf91c.jpg 5a50d788cf8928fa95743799d4b7aef8 Website A resource comprising of a web page or web pages and all related assets ( such as images, sound and video files, etc. ). Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website https://www.ledger-enquirer.com/news/politics-government/article241030556.html Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Restoration of the Liberty Theatre in the 1990s. Description An account of the resource After decades of decline and eventual closure, the Liberty Theatre in Columbus, Georgia underwent a major restoration project in the 1990s. A subsequent federal grant in 1993 helped fund its restoration.  And it reopened in 1996 as the first African-American arts institution and musical playhouse in Columbus. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yinuo Chen Logan Gordy Kewanee Story Aidan Knighton Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Allie Dean, Columbus Council decides to ‘back away’ for now on buying historic Liberty Theatre. March 10, 2020. https://www.ledger-enquirer.com/news/politics-government/article241030556.html history Liberty Theater Liberty Theater Reopen Restoration of the Liberty Theatre in the 1990s