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                <text>“A New Map of Georgia, with Part of Carolina, Florida and Louisiana. Drawn from Original Draughts, assisted by the most approved Maps and Charts. Collected by Eman. Bowen, Geographer to His Majesty.” In John Harris, Navigantium atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca. Or, A Complete Collection of Voyages and Travels. London, 1744-48.</text>
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                <text>Emanuel Bowen’s map shows the full width of the Georgia colony from the Atlantic to the Mississippi River or French territory in 1748. Harris first published his atlas in 1705 and for the 1744-48 and 1764 editions added a chapter on the history of Georgia illustrated by this map. According to Cummings, this work is similar to Bowen’s other maps of this period but is on a larger scale.&#13;
&#13;
Bowen is rather generous with the boundaries of Georgia; he places the G in Georgia on the west side of the Mississippi in land claimed by France, England’s chief rival at that point. Bowen also notes trails used for the Indian trade and the location of various Indian groups. More importantly he indicates whether they are in amity with the French or the English. A note between the Oconee and Ocmulgee Rivers states, “The Cherokees, Creeks, and Chikasaws assisted General Oglethorpe in the Wars against the Spaniards.” Bowen inaccurately depicts the Chattahoochee as a short river while the Flint extends into the mountains.</text>
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                <text>“Plan von Neu Ebenezer. From Samuel Urlsperger, Ausfürhliche Nachrichten von den saltzburgischen emigranten.” Published by Matthaeus Seutter, 1747.</text>
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                <text>Georgia attracted a large group of Lutherans who were expelled by the Catholic bishop of Salzburg in the 1730s. The English “Society for Promoting Christain Knowledge” financed the voyage of the first group. Their first settlement in Georgia on the Ebenezer River proved to be an inhospitable area, and they relocated to the banks of the Savannah River. This map shows their new, rationally laid-out settlement and was designed to attract more religious immigrants. This appeared in Samuel Urlsperger’s “Saltzburger Tracts.”</text>
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                <text>“A Map of South Carolina and a Part of Georgia . . . the Author William De Brahm, Surveyor General to the Province of South Carolina, one of the Surveyors of Georgia . . . 1757.”</text>
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                <text>De Brahm, an engineer/surveyor who arrived in Georgia with the Salzburgers, executed the first large-scale southern map that possessed topographical accuracy. He used the scientific surveys of others and conducted his own for several years. This large map, which primarily focuses on the coast, consists of four panels, each measuring 24 x 26½ inches. De Brahm’s work is significant in that most of the surveys he used have not survived, and his work became the basis for later maps.</text>
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                <text>Unidentified survey of the Georgia coast from the mouth of the St. Johns River in Florida to the Stono River in S.C., post-1763.</text>
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                <text>“A New and Accurate Map of the Province of Georgia in North America.” From Universal Magazine. London: J. Hinton, 1779.</text>
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                <text>Perhaps the last map printed of Georgia as a colony, this appeared in J. Hinton’s Universal Magazine, one of several gentlemen’s magazines circulating in London. During the American Revolution, Hinton’s journal included maps of all of the American provinces, a term resented by American rebels after 1776.&#13;
&#13;
This attractive map presents accurate details along the coast, including the names of many creeks flowing into major rivers, but its maker did not consult the latest and best authorities in preparing this work. Specific information about the interior is lacking or inaccurate, and only a few Indian towns are noted.&#13;
&#13;
Since none of Georgia’s boundaries had been surveyed by 1777, the vagueness of its borders is understandable. To the north, North Carolina is not shown as a neighboring province. To the south, the line between Florida and Georgia inaccurately follows the 31st parallel all the way to the headwaters of the St. Mary’s River, which is located too far to the west. This boundary, as defined by the British crown in 1763, ran in a straight line from the St. Mary’s headwater (marked in 1800 by Ellicott’s Mound) to the intersection of the Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers, which this map places north rather than south of the 31st parallel. The Chattahoochee River, a name that appeared on other maps at least 40 years earlier, is here called the Gr, presumably Great Flint River, and its course is generally north to south for its entire length, an error shared by most maps of this period.&#13;
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                <text>“Georgia.” Engraved by G. W. Boynton. 1838. In T. G. Bradford, A General Atlas Of The World, With A Separate Map Of Each Of The United States Of America. Edited By S.G. Goodrich. Boston, C.D. Strong ... 1841 by C.D. Strong ... Massachusetts. B.W. Thayer &amp; Co.’s Lithogy, Boston, 1841.</text>
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                <text>“Map of the State of Georgia, James R. Butts, Late Surveyor General, Macon, 1859.”</text>
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                <text>This large map (62 x 53 inches) delineates counties, roads, railroads, and factories. It lists governors and their terms of office. Illustrations feature public buildings, colleges, and scenic points such as Toccoa Falls. The land lots, apparently for the original counties of Irwin and Appling, are shown in the area between the Altamaha River and the Florida boundary. W. T. Sherman allegedly used this map to plan his “March to the Sea.”</text>
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                <text>“Lloyd’s topographical map of Georgia from state surveys before the war showing railways, stations, villages, mills, &amp;c. James T. Lloyd. New York, J. T. Lloyd, 1864.”</text>
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                <text>“A New Map of the English Empire in America viz Virginia Mary Land Carolina Pennsylvania . . . &amp;c by Robert Morden. ca. 1695. Sold by Robert Morden at the Atlas in Cornhill and by Christopher Brown at ye Globe near the West End of St. Paul’s Church. London: I. Harris, sculp.”</text>
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                <text>The title of English Empire in America reflects its 1695 publication date, almost a decade before the Acts of Union of England and Scotland (1706 &amp; 1707) that created the Kingdom of Great Britain and the British Empire. Even so, John Senex republished this map with minor changes in 1717 and retained the title English Empire.&#13;
&#13;
The most unique feature of this map is its fanciful mountain ranges, which resemble an irregular four-armed starfish with its body in western North Carolina. Extending northeasterly from there, the “Apalitean Mountains” become scattered as they reach southern Pennsylvania. Another range extends directly west across what becomes Tennessee to the Mississippi River. The northern arm reaches all the way to the tip of the southern peninsular of Michigan and is labeled: “On the top of these mountains is a Plaine like a Terras Walk aboue 200 miles in length.” The southern arm extends deep into Florida and presents a mountain range as the watershed divide on that flat peninsular. The most accurate details relate to the coastal regions. It includes information about rivers and settlements in the Carolinas but not in the area destined to become Georgia.</text>
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